Vehicle undercarriage imaging system

ABSTRACT

Devices and methods for capturing vehicle undercarriage images are described. In some instances, a mirror assembly may be used to reflect images of portions of a vehicle undercarriage into a field of view of a camera to be captured, e.g., as a vehicle passes over the mirror assembly. Composite images may be reconstructed from the reflected portions of the vehicle undercarriage, and analysis may be performed on those reconstructed, composite images to identify features in the composite vehicle undercarriage images.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to the field of vehicle diagnostics. Moreparticularly, this invention relates to the capture and processing ofvehicle undercarriage images.

BACKGROUND

Vehicles are often bought and sold in the wholesale market by automobiledealers. Vehicle buying and selling transactions may occur in-person oronline in a virtual sales environment, and may also occur at auctions,either in-person or online over the internet. Because of the volume ofvehicles sold at auction, often it is not possible for a dealer, actingas either a wholesale buyer or wholesale seller, to inspect a vehiclein-person, much less have the vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic.Dealers often rely on auction houses or third party inspection servicesto provide vehicle condition data upon which purchasing decisions may bemade. This vehicle condition data is often provided to dealers as awritten report in electronic form.

The value of a vehicle condition report is based, in large part, on theaccuracy and completeness of the data it contains. However, even perfectvehicle condition reports may lack data necessary to provide an accurateassessment of a vehicle's condition. For example, vehicle undercarriagefeatures such as rust, flood damage, frame damage, missing components,aftermarket replacements, and non-standard components are not easilyobserved and captured in a written report. The same is true in a retailenvironment, where vehicle data is often presented online in a websiteas a written description and a set of images of the exterior andinterior of the vehicle, but lacking vehicle undercarriage features suchas how the undercarriage looks.

One of the challenges of determining vehicle undercarriage condition isthe difficulty in capturing vehicle undercarriage data because avehicle's undercarriage is relatively inaccessible. A vehicle'sundercarriage is relatively inaccessible because the ground clearance ofa vehicle is typically only a few inches. In order to access theundercarriage of a vehicle for visual inspection, image capture, orvideo capture, the vehicle must be separated from the surface on whichthe vehicle resides, e.g. a road, parking lot, or the ground, to give areasonable viewing distance in order to for the vehicle undercarriage tobe within the field of view of the viewer or image capture device, andto give a reasonable distance for a viewer or image capture device tofocus. Separating the vehicle from the surface on which it resides canbe done by lifting the vehicle off the ground with a vehicle lift,driving the vehicle onto an elevated ramp, or driving the vehicle overan area with a recess in the ground. Such methods require specialtyequipment or a special surface, which are typically costly or notreadily accessible, or both. If the vehicle is not separated from theground, the viewer or camera are forced to operate within the limitedviewing distance afforded by the ground clearance of the vehicle.

Therefore, there is a need for improvements in the capture andprocessing of vehicle condition data provided to dealers in wholesaleautomobiles. The need for improvements in the capture and processing ofvehicle condition data extends to the retail market for automobiles aswell.

SUMMARY

In general terms, this disclosure is directed towards assessment of thecondition of vehicles. This disclosure relates generally to systems andmethods for providing vehicle undercarriage diagnostics, and inparticular to capturing and evaluating vehicle undercarriage images.

In a first aspect, a vehicle undercarriage imaging system is disclosed.The system includes a mirror assembly and a camera. The mirror assemblyincludes a base and a mirror surface, the mirror surface having a widthand the mirror assembly having a height. The camera is positionable at alocation that is central in a width direction along the mirror surfaceand spaced apart from the mirror surface in a depth direction that isnormal to the width direction, the camera having a field of vieworiented toward the mirror surface. The mirror surface is angled in thedepth direction such that a reflected field of view that is viewable inthe mirror surface at the camera is above the mirror assembly in theheight direction. The camera is configured to capture sequential imagesof at least a portion of a vehicle undercarriage passing above themirror assembly within the reflected field of view.

In a second aspect, a vehicle undercarriage imaging system is disclosedthat includes a mirror assembly and a camera mount. The mirror assemblyincludes a base and a mirror surface, the mirror surface having a widthand the mirror assembly having a height. The camera mount is positionedon an end of an extension arm, the extension arm movable between aretracted position an extended position, wherein, in the extendedposition, the camera mount is at a location that is central in a widthdirection along the mirror surface and spaced apart from the mirrorsurface in a depth direction that is normal to the width direction. Thecamera mount is positioned such that a camera mountable therein isoriented toward the mirror surface. The mirror surface is angled in thedepth direction such that a reflected field of view that is viewable inthe mirror surface from the camera mount is above the mirror assembly inthe height direction. The reflected field of view includes an entirewidth of a vehicle undercarriage passing above the mirror assembly inthe depth direction.

In a third aspect, a method of capturing an image of a vehicleundercarriage is disclosed. The method includes placing a mirrorassembly at a predetermined location, the mirror assembly including abase and a mirror surface, the mirror surface having a width and themirror assembly having a height. The method further includes extending acamera mount from the mirror assembly at a predetermined horizontaldistance from the mirror assembly. The method also includes positioninga device including a camera in the camera mount oriented toward themirror surface, the mirror surface being upwardly angled to reflect aview above the mirror assembly toward the camera, and causing a vehicleto pass over the mirror assembly while recording a plurality of imagesin the camera. The method further includes viewing a composite vehicleundercarriage image compiled from portions of the plurality of images.

In a further aspect, a method of obtaining a vehicle undercarriage imageis disclosed. The method includes obtaining image data comprising aseries of images captured from an image capture location, the imagecapture location being a location at which a vehicle undercarriagepasses through a field of view. The method further includes determininga sub-region of images included in the series of images, the sub-regioncorresponding to a region of interest in which a portion of the vehicleundercarriage appears as a vehicle passes over the image capturelocation, and combining the regions of interest to form a compositeimage of the vehicle undercarriage, the composite image being arepresentative image of the vehicle undercarriage reconstructed from thesub-regions of the series of images.

In a still further aspect, a vehicle undercarriage image processingsystem includes a programmable circuit and a memory operativelyconnected to the programmable circuit. The memory stores an applicationcomprising instructions which, when executed, cause the programmablecircuit to perform: obtaining image data comprising a series of images,the series of images capturing a field of view including an imagecapture location; determining a sub-region of images included in theseries of images, the sub-region corresponding to a region of interestin which a portion of a vehicle undercarriage appears as a vehiclepasses over the image capture location; and combining the regions ofinterest to form a composite image of the vehicle undercarriage, thecomposite image being a representative image of the vehicleundercarriage reconstructed from the sub-regions of the series ofimages.

In a further aspect, a method of obtaining a vehicle undercarriage imageis disclosed. The method includes obtaining, via a camera of a mobiledevice, image data comprising a series of images, the series of imagescapturing a field of view including an image capture location defined bya mirror assembly positioned at a predetermined location and orientationrelative to the mobile device. The method also includes determining,based on the image data, a sub-region of images included in the seriesof images, the sub-region corresponding to a region of interest that isreflected to the camera by the mirror assembly. The method also includescombining the regions of interest to form a composite image of theregions of interest, the composite image being a representative image ofan object in the regions of interest reconstructed from the sub-regionsof the series of images.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding partsthroughout the several views. The exemplifications set out hereinillustrate an embodiment of the invention, and such exemplifications arenot to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in anymanner.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will be described hereafter with reference to theattached drawings which are given as non-limiting examples only, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a vehicle undercarriage datacapture and diagnostics system, in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an example method of capturingvehicle undercarriage data, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a side-view of a vehicleundercarriage imaging system, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rear-view of a vehicleundercarriage imaging system, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rear-view of a vehicleundercarriage imaging system, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the camera mount, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the extension arm, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the imaging assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the imaging assembly, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the mirror assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the mirror assembly and extension arm,in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the mirror assembly and extension arm,in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the mirror assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the camera mount, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a mirror assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a mirror assembly, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of an example computing systemuseable to process captured vehicle undercarriage image or video data,according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart of a method for reconstructing a vehicleundercarriage composite image, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart of a method for compositing sub-regions extractedfrom video data, according to an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart of another method 850 for compositing sub-regionsextracted from video data, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 26 is an image of user interface screen for receiving input to opena new vehicle undercarriage image file, according to an exampleembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 is an image of user interface screen for receiving vehicleundercarriage data capture settings, according to an example embodimentof the present disclosure.

FIG. 28 is an image of user interface screens for scanning the VIN andan image of a user interface screen for verifying the scanned VIN,according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 29 is an image of user interface screen for recording vehicleundercarriage video, according to an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 30 is an image of user interface screen for receiving a startingpoint of a video from which frames are to be extracted, according to anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 31 is an image of user interface screen for receiving an endingpoint of a video from which frames are to be extracted, according to anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 32 is an image of user interface screen for determining asub-region within each of the individual frames of an extracted set offrames from a video and a user interface screen for displaying thedetermined sub-region, according to an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 33 is an image of user interface screen for displaying andextracted sub-region and a user interface screen for displaying imagecompositing progress, according to an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 34 is an image of user interface screen for uploading a vehicleundercarriage composite image, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 35 is an image of a user interface screen for playback of recordedvehicle undercarriage video, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 36 is a schematic illustration of correcting sub-regions havinganomalies due to the mirror surface including debris, according to anexample embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 37 is a schematic illustration of a server, according to an exampleembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 38 is a flowchart of a method of analyzing composite vehicleundercarriage images, according to an example embodiment.

FIG. 39 is a schematic illustration of an example discrete computingsystem in which aspects of the present disclosure can be implemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The figures and descriptions provided herein may have been simplified toillustrate aspects that are relevant for a clear understanding of theherein described devices, systems, and methods, while eliminating, forthe purpose of clarity, other aspects that may be found in typicaldevices, systems, and methods. Those of ordinary skill may recognizethat other elements and/or operations may be desirable and/or necessaryto implement the devices, systems, and methods described herein. Becausesuch elements and operations are well known in the art, and because theydo not facilitate a better understanding of the present disclosure, adiscussion of such elements and operations may not be provided herein.However, the present disclosure is deemed to inherently include all suchelements, variations, and modifications to the described aspects thatwould be known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

References in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,”“an illustrative embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodimentdescribed may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but every embodiment may or may not necessarily includethat particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, suchphrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further,when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described inconnection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within theknowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure,or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or notexplicitly described. Additionally, it should be appreciated that itemsincluded in a list in the form of “at least one A, B, and C” can mean(A); (B); (C); (A and B); (A and C); (B and C); or (A, B, and C).Similarly, items listed in the form of “at least one of A, B, or C” canmean (A); (B); (C); (A and B); (A and C); (B and C); or (A, B, and C).

In the drawings, some structural or method features may be shown inspecific arrangements and/or orderings. However, it should beappreciated that such specific arrangements and/or orderings may not berequired. Rather, in some embodiments, such features may be arranged ina different manner and/or order than shown in the illustrative figures.Additionally, the inclusion of a structural or method feature in aparticular figure is not meant to imply that such feature is required inall embodiments and, in some embodiments, may not be included or may becombined with other features.

This disclosure relates generally to an imaging system useable tocapture an image of a vehicle undercarriage. Such an imaging systemprovides for ease of use in a field environment to obtain high-qualityimages that can be used to assess the condition of a vehicle. A portablesystem and method for capturing an image of the undercarriage of avehicle without the need to lift the vehicle, or otherwise separate thevehicle from the ground, is disclosed. Many aspects of vehicle healthcan be determined from the visual appearance of a vehicle'sundercarriage. Video and image data of a vehicle's undercarriage canserve as a unique signature of the relative health of a particularvehicle's frame and components, especially as profiled over time fordegradation due to rust and wear and tear.

Vehicle condition data, for example data included in vehicle conditionreports in the wholesale or retail automobile market, may be improved byincluding vehicle undercarriage data. In some embodiments of thisdisclosure, the vehicle undercarriage data may be in the form of anelectronic image file which the consumer of the vehicle conditionreport, for example a wholesale dealer, may view on an electronic deviceconfigured to display the electronic image file. In other embodiments,certain visual features correlated with vehicle undercarriage conditionmay be automatically determined from the image of a vehicle'sundercarriage. In still further embodiments, vehicle undercarriageconditions determined automatically from vehicle undercarriage data maybe combined with related repair costs and arbitration costs to determinethe cost to repair or arbitrate the vehicle, adjust the value of thevehicle, or to assign market value to the vehicle relative to vehiclesof similar type, e.g. make, model, year, engine configuration, options,etc.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a vehicle undercarriage datacapture and diagnostics system 100, in accordance with some embodimentsof the present disclosure. In the illustrated example, the system 100includes locations 102 a and 102 b, server 112, data consumer devices122, 124, and 126, and network 130. Also shown in FIG. 1 are a mirrorassembly 104, a camera 106, a user 108, and a vehicle 110.

In the example shown, locations 102 a-b may be remote from each other,or may be proximate to each other, for example, all contained within aparticular parking lot. Each of locations 102 a-b include the mirrorassembly 104, the camera 106, the user 108, and the vehicle 110. In someembodiments, the camera 106 and user 108 may be the same in alllocations 102 a-b, for example, the same user 108 with the same camera106 may walk to locations 102 a-b within the same parking lot. In otherembodiments, the user 108 and camera 106 may be different in each oflocations 102 a-b, for example, locations 102 a-b may be in differentstates, or even different countries. Similarly, in some embodiments thevehicle 110 may be the same in all three of the locations 102 a-b, forexample for multiple video captures of the same vehicle. In someembodiments, the vehicle 110 may be different in each of locations 102a-b. It is noted that the example shows two locations, however, othernumbers of locations are within the scope of this disclosure, forexample, one, three, four, or more locations.

In the example shown, the locations 102 a-b are separated from theserver 112 and data consumer devices 122, 124, and 126 by a network 130.Network 130 can, in some cases, represent an at least partially publicnetwork such as the Internet. Data consumer devices 122, 124, and 126include computing devices which are configured to download or accessprocessed vehicle undercarriage data provided by server 112. In someembodiments, data consumer devices 122, 124, and 126 may download oraccess vehicle condition reports that include processed vehicleundercarriage data. In some embodiments, the processed vehicleundercarriage data within vehicle condition reports downloaded oraccessed by data consumer devices 122, 124, and 126 may be an imagecomposite of the vehicle undercarriage data. In some other embodiments,the processed vehicle undercarriage data within vehicle conditionreports downloaded or accessed by data consumer devices 122, 124, and126 may be an image or video file, or a link to an image or video filefor display on data consumer devices 122, 124, and 126.

In the example shown, the server 112 can represent a vehicleundercarriage data processing server, as well as one or more additionalservers. For example, the server 112 can also represent a conditionreport server that requests and receives vehicle undercarriage data froma vehicle undercarriage data processing server via an API exposed by thevehicle undercarriage data processing server. In some embodiments,vehicle undercarriage data processing and condition reports may beprovided by the same server 112 device.

In some embodiments, the mirror assembly 104 can be a portable assemblyof a size capable of being positioned under a vehicle without contactingthe vehicle undercarriage or wheels.

In some embodiments, the camera 106 can be a digital camera capable ofcapturing digital image data, or video data, that is transferable to acomputing device. In other embodiments, the camera 106 can be includedin a mobile computing device including a processor and a memory storinginstructions, such as a smartphone, a laptop, a tablet, or the like. Insome embodiments, the camera 106, or the mobile device into which thecamera 106 is integrated, can include application software configured tocapture and store electronic image or video files. In other embodiments,the mobile device into which the camera 106 is integrated can includeapplication software configured to capture data entered by the user 108and to process captured electronic image or video files forreconstruction and diagnostic evaluation.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an example method 200 of capturingvehicle undercarriage data, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure. The method 200 can be performed, for example, at alocation 102.

In the example of method 200 shown, the mirror assembly 104 ispositioned for capturing vehicle undercarriage data at step 202. In anexample embodiment, a user positions the mirror assembly in an imagecapture position, e.g., by placing the mirror assembly on a generallylevel surface that a vehicle may also drive over. In some embodiments,step 202 includes leveling the mirror assembly 104.

The vehicle undercarriage video capture application software isinitiated on the camera 106, and the vehicle identification number (VIN)of the vehicle is scanned, at step 204. The camera 106 is orientedtowards the mirror assembly 104 and video capture is initiated by theuser 108 at step 206. In some embodiments, video capture can beinitiated by a user 108 selecting an option within the vehicleundercarriage data capture application software to start recordingvideo. In some embodiments, the camera 106 is placed in a camera mountattached to the mirror assembly 104 at a predetermined horizontaldistance. In other embodiments, the camera 106 is placed in a cameramount located at a predetermined horizontal distance from the mirrorassembly 104 and centrally located along the width of the mirrorassembly 104, the mirror assembly being within the field of view of thecamera 106. In still other embodiments, the camera 106 is not placed ina mount at all, and is placed at a predetermined horizontal distancefrom the mirror assembly 104 and centrally located along the width ofthe mirror assembly 104, the mirror assembly being within the field ofview of the camera 106. In preferred embodiments, the camera 106 isplaced such that the mirror assembly is centered in the field of view ofthe camera 106 and at a distance sufficient to capture the entire widthof the vehicle reflected from a mirror surface within the mirrorassembly 104 with sufficient image magnification, e.g. image resolutionor sampling, and such that the camera 106 is capable of capturing animage of a portion of the undercarriage of the vehicle that is in focus.

The vehicle 110 is driven over the mirror assembly 104 and the camera106 while vehicle undercarriage data is being captured at step 208. Inpreferred embodiments, the video capture rate is large enough that thevehicle can be driven at a reasonable speed, e.g. 100 miles per hour(mph) or slower, and more preferably between 2 mph and 10 mph.

In the example of the method 200 shown, the video capture is ended atstep 210. In some embodiments, video capture can be ended by a user 108selecting an option within the vehicle undercarriage data captureapplication software to stop recording video.

Also in the example shown, the captured video is processed and acomposite image of the full area of the vehicle undercarriage isproduced at step 212. The video processing can be performed by a mobiledevice, or can be performed by any computing device after the capturedvideo data is made available to the computing device.

In the example shown, tags are added to the composite vehicleundercarriage image at step 214. In an example embodiment, the tags areselected by the user 108 using the vehicle undercarriage data captureapplication software. The tags can correspond to conditions, such as theweather, when the vehicle undercarriage data was captured, as well asthe user's 108 subjective judgment of the vehicle undercarriage,including irregularities associated with the vehicle undercarriage,during vehicle undercarriage data capture. Such tags can include dentsor scratches, rust or corrosion, aftermarket modifications such as liftkits or replacement parts, dirt and debris and corrosion indicative offlood damage, frame damage, frame repairs, missing components such asremoval of heat shields or the catalytic converter, exhaust systemdefects such as holes in the exhaust pipe or muffler caused bycorrosion, rust, or physical damage, or the presence of non-standardcomponents such as items attached to the vehicle undercarriage. Tags canalso include comments entered by the user 108. In some embodiments, tagscan be assigned to the entire composite image or to portions of thecomposite image. In some embodiments, tags can also include conditionspresent during vehicle undercarriage data capture such as wet weather,exhaust smoke from the vehicle, abnormal exhaust color from the vehicle,e.g. blue-gray, white-gray, black, etc. Tags can also include difficultstart, such as when engine start takes longer than usual or multipleattempts were made. Tags can also include the make, model, year, andtrim of the vehicle, and vehicle options, e.g. a larger engine with dualexhaust. Tags can also include selected areas of interest within thecomposite vehicle undercarriage image. For example, areas that indicatevehicle undercarriage defects such as rust, holes, dents, scratches,etc., can be selected.

The vehicle undercarriage composite image and user tags are uploaded tothe server 112 at step 216. As noted below in connection with FIGS.37-38 , various additional processing steps may be performed on theimage and tag data, as well as any other data uploaded to or availableat the server that is descriptive of the vehicle associated with theimage.

FIGS. 3-5 are schematic diagrams illustrating different views of avehicle undercarriage imaging system 300, in accordance with someembodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the vehicleundercarriage imaging system 300 captures video data used to reconstructan image of a vehicle undercarriage at a location 102.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a side-view of a vehicleundercarriage imaging system 300, in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 3 , the vehicleundercarriage imaging system 300 includes a mirror assembly 104, and acamera 106. The example shown also illustrates a camera mount 302, aspacer 304, a vehicle 110, a vehicle undercarriage 306, a mirror surface308, and a surface 310. The example shown in FIG. 3 further illustratesa camera field of view 312 and a field of view 314 subtended by themirror surface 308. The example shown in FIG. 3 also illustrates aground clearance GC, a predetermined horizontal distance D between themirror assembly 104 and the camera 106, a mirror assembly height H, anundercarriage portion length L. The FIG. 3 further illustrates thevehicle 110 traveling along the surface 310 in the depth direction, orequivalently the length direction, e.g. in the x direction as shown bythe reference (x, y, z) axes in the example.

In the embodiment shown, the height H of the mirror assembly 104 and theheight of the camera 106 being held in the camera mount 302 are bothless than the ground clearance GC of the vehicle 110. This enables thesystem 300 to be driven over by the vehicle 110. In the embodimentshown, the camera 106 is spaced from the mirror assembly 104 by thepredetermined horizontal distance D and or oriented towards the mirrorassembly 104 as well as the mirror surface 308, and is positioned at alocation that is central in the width direction y along the mirrorsurface 308. The mirror assembly 104 or oriented with its width alongthe width direction y and normal to the depth direction x, and ispositioned at a location that is central in a width direction along thevehicle undercarriage 306.

In some embodiments, the camera mount 302 can be spaced from the mirrorassembly 104 at the predetermined horizontal distance D by the spacer304. The camera mount 302 can be configured to hold the camera 106 at alocation that is spaced from the mirror assembly 104 by a predeterminedhorizontal distance D, central in the width direction y along the mirrorsurface 308, and oriented towards the mirror surface 308 such that themirror surface 308 is within the field of view 312 of the camera 106.

In some embodiments, the spacer 304 can be attached to the camera mount302 at one end and the mirror assembly 104 at the other end. In otherembodiments, the spacer 304 can be an extension arm extendable from themirror assembly 104 in the depth direction x and have a length such thatit can space the camera mount 302 from the mirror assembly 104 by thepredetermined distance D.

In some embodiments, the mirror surface 308 has a width along the widthdirection y, and a height that is tilted back, or angled, in the depthdirection x such that a reflected field of view 314 that is viewable inthe mirror surface 308 at the camera 106 is above the mirror assembly104 in the height direction z. In other words, the mirror surface 308 isangled relative to the orientation of the camera 106 to reflect a worm'seye view of the vehicle undercarriage to the camera. In someembodiments, field of view 314 corresponds to an image capture locationat which a vehicle undercarriage passes.

In some embodiments, the camera field of view 312 includes a view of thevehicle undercarriage 306, the mirror surface 308, and the surface 310in the height direction z. In some embodiments, the camera field of view312 includes a view of the width W (further described in connection withFIG. 4 below) of the mirror surface 308 in the width direction y. Theheight and width of the area captured by the camera 106 in an imagecorresponds to the camera field of view 312. In some embodiments, animage captured by the camera 106 having the field of view 312 willinclude a portion of the vehicle undercarriage 306 viewed at an angle, aportion of the vehicle undercarriage 306 reflected by the mirror surface308 and viewed normal to the plane of the vehicle undercarriage 306 froma worm's eye view, and a portion of the surface 310.

In some embodiments, the field of view 314 includes a view of the mirrorassembly height H in the height direction z and a view of the mirrorsurface width W in the width direction w. In some embodiments, the fieldof view 314 subtended by the mirror surface 308 is less than the camerafield of view 312 and an image captured by the camera 106 can includethe portion of the vehicle undercarriage 306 reflected by the mirrorsurface 308 corresponding to the field of view 314 and viewed normal tothe plane of the vehicle undercarriage 306 from a worm's eye view.

In the example shown, by capturing image or video data of the mirrorsurface 308, including a portion of the vehicle undercarriage 306reflected by the mirror surface 308, the depth of focus istwo-dimensional, as opposed to including three-dimensional depth offocus data for embodiments that utilized multiple cameras directlyviewing and capturing image or video of the vehicle undercarriage 306.This has the advantage of simplifying image reconstruction, for example,reconstruction a vehicle undercarriage composite image from videocaptured of the vehicle undercarriage 306 as discussed below withrespect to FIGS. 22-38 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rear-view of a vehicleundercarriage imaging system 300, in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 4 , the vehicleundercarriage imaging system 300 includes a mirror assembly 104, and acamera 106. The example shown also illustrates a width W of the mirrorsurface 308 and a wheel width WW of the vehicle 110.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 , the dashed lines represent theextreme angles of the field of view 314 subtended by the mirror surface308, and illustrate that the field of view 314 in the width direction ycan include the vehicle width VW of the vehicle 110 at the groundclearance GC height, e.g. the plane of the vehicle undercarriage 306. Inother words, when the camera 106 is placed at a depth D from the mirrorassembly 104 and located centrally along the width of the mirrorassembly 104, the camera's view of the portion of the vehicleundercarriage 306 reflected in the mirror surface 308 can extend beyondthe width W of the mirror surface 308 to include the vehicle width VW.In the embodiment shown, the vehicle undercarriage imaging system 300 isconfigured to capture an image including a portion of the vehicleundercarriage 306 that includes the vehicle width VW, e.g. the fullwidth of the vehicle undercarriage 306, and a portion of the length ofthe vehicle undercarriage L while having a height H that is less thanthe ground clearance GC of the vehicle and a width W that is less thanthe wheel width of the vehicle, allowing the system 300 to be drivenover by the vehicle. In some embodiments, the vehicle undercarriageimaging system 300 can capture a series of images, or video, of portionsof the vehicle undercarriage as the vehicle 110 is driving over thesystem 300, thereby acquiring vehicle undercarriage data sufficient toreconstruct a composite image of the entire vehicle undercarriage 306 byacquiring full vehicle width VW images at a plurality of locations alongthe full length of the vehicle undercarriage 306. In some embodiments,the vehicle undercarriage imaging system 300 is able to capture vehicleundercarriage data sufficient to reconstruct a composite image of theentire vehicle undercarriage 306 without the use of a specialty widefield of view lens, such as a fisheye lens, or the need to separate thevehicle 110 from the surface 310. Specialty lenses, such as a fisheyelens, can have the disadvantage of adding distortion to an imagecaptured by the camera 106.

In some embodiments, the mirror surface 308 subtends less than the fullfield of view 312 of the camera 106 and images captured by the camerainclude the portion of the vehicle undercarriage 306 reflected to thecamera 106 by the mirror surface 308. As such, the images captured bythe camera 106 can include the portion of the vehicle undercarriage 306as a sub-region within the image captured. The sub-region contains thevehicle undercarriage image data, and is a region of interest within theimage captured using the vehicle undercarriage imaging system 300.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a rear-view of a vehicleundercarriage imaging system 300, in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 5 , the vehicleundercarriage imaging system 300 includes a mirror assembly 104, and aplurality of cameras 106.

In some embodiments, multiple cameras 106 can be used to capture vehicleundercarriage data. The use of multiple cameras allows for a higherresolution composite image to be formed, and for a reduction in thepredetermined horizontal distance D by requiring each of the pluralityof cameras 106 to only capture a portion of the width of the vehicleundercarriage 306 at different positions along the width of the vehicleundercarriage 306. However, use of multiple cameras may increase imageprocessing complexity for forming a composite vehicle undercarriageimage.

An example embodiment of an imaging assembly 400 will now be describedwith reference to FIGS. 6-14 . In some embodiments, the imaging assembly400 can be portable, and can be used in the vehicle undercarriageimaging system 300 for capturing vehicle undercarriage video sufficientto reconstruct a composite image of a vehicle undercarriage 306 at alocation 102 without the need to lift, or otherwise separate, thevehicle 110 from the surface 310 on which the vehicle 110 resides.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly 400, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 6 , the imaging assembly 400 includes a mirror assembly 104, acamera mount 402, and an extension arm 404. In the example shown in FIG.6 , the mirror assembly 104 includes a base 406 and a mirror surface408. The example shown in FIG. 6 also includes a camera 106.

In the example shown, the camera mount 402 is attached to an end of theextension arm 404 and can hold the camera 106 in a position orientedtowards the mirror surface 408. In some embodiments, the extension arm404 can hold the camera mount 402 at least partially positioned inhorizontal alignment with the mirror assembly 104.

In the embodiment shown, the extension arm 404 is illustrated in anextended position. The extension arm 404 can position the camera mount402 such that the camera 106 mounted in the camera mount 402 is alocated centrally along the width W of the mirror surface 408 andseparated from the mirror assembly 104 by a depth distance D in adirection perpendicular to the width of the mirror surface 408. Theextension arm 404 can be made of metal, such as steel or aluminum, orany suitable material with sufficient strength and stiffness to supportthe camera mount 402 with the camera 106 mounted in the camera mount402. In some embodiments, the extension arm 404 can be attachable to themirror assembly 104 and can be extendable and retractable from themirror assembly 104. In some embodiments, the extension arm 404 in theextended position is perpendicular to the width W of the mirror surface408, and the extension arm 404 in the retracted position is parallel tothe width W of the mirror surface 408, as illustrated below in FIGS. 9,11 and 12 .

In the example shown, the imaging assembly 400 can be placed on asurface, such as the ground, a road, a parking lot, the surface 310 onwhich a vehicle 110 resides. The mirror assembly 104 supports the mirrorsurface 408 at the correct angle such that the mirror surface 408reflects a worm's eye view of the vehicle undercarriage to the camera106 mounted in the camera mount 402. The mirror assembly can alsosupport the extension arm 404 and camera mount 402, either of which canbe placed on the surface 310 or be suspended above the surface 310 andsupported by the mirror assembly 104.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the camera mount 402, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG.7 , the camera mount 402 includes a camera mount base 410, a cameramount slot 412, a camera mount arm 414, and a camera mount arm hinge416.

In the embodiment shown, the camera mount base 410 is attached to theextension arm 404 and includes the camera mount slot 412. The cameramount slot 412 is sized to receive the camera 106. In the embodimentshown, the camera mount arm 414 is movably attached to the camera mountbase 410 by the camera mount arm hinge 416. In some embodiments, thecamera 106 is longer than the camera mount slot 412 such that the camera106 extends beyond the camera mount slot 412 in the width direction. Insuch embodiments, the camera mount arm 414 can be folded out to supportthe portion of the camera 106 that extends beyond the camera mount slot412. In some embodiments the camera mount arm 414 has a J shape sized toreceive the camera 106, the camera mount slot 412 has a U shape, and thecamera 106 can be loosely placed into the camera mount slot 412 and thecamera mount arm 414 such that the camera 106 is supported in the cameramount 402 and oriented towards the mirror surface 408. In otherembodiments, the camera 106 can be press fit into the camera mount slot412 and the camera mount arm 414 such that the camera 106 is supportedin the camera mount 402 and oriented towards the mirror surface 408.

In some embodiments, the camera mount 402 forms a portion of an endcapof the mirror assembly 104 when the extension arm 404 is in theretracted position, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 , and furtherdescribed below. In such cases, the camera mount arm 414 may be foldedin towards the extension arm 404 via the camera mount arm hinge 416 suchthat the camera mount 402 does not extend beyond the mirror assemblydepth when the extension arm 404 is in the retracted position.

The camera mount 402 can be made of plastic, molded plastic, rubber,metal, or any suitable material with sufficient strength and stiffnessto support the camera 106 and orient the camera 106 towards the mirrorsurface 408.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the extension arm 404, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 8 , the camera mount 402 includes an extension arm base 418, anextension arm side 420, a rotation slot 422, and a lock slot 424.

In the embodiment shown, the extension arm base 418 and extension armside 420 form an “L-shaped” cross-section. The extension arm base 418includes the rotation slot 422, and the extension arm side includes thelock slot 424, both the rotation slot 422 and lock slot 424 beinglocated towards the end of the extension arm 404 opposite the end towhich the camera mount 402 is attached. In some embodiments, therotation slot 422 allows the extension arm 404 to be rotatably extendedand retracted, e.g. “folded out” and “folded in,” from the mirrorassembly 104, as illustrated and further described below in connectionswith FIGS. 12 and 13 . In the embodiment shown, the extension arm side420 length corresponds to the predetermined horizontal distance D, andthe extension arm base 418 is longer than the extension arm side,providing stability to the extension arm 404 in the extended position.In some embodiments, the lock slot 424 forms part of a latch closing themirror assembly 104, e.g. for transport, as illustrated and furtherdescribed below in connection with FIG. 12 .

The extension arm 404 can be made of plastic, molded plastic, metal, orany suitable material with sufficient strength and stiffness to supportthe camera mount 402 holding the camera 106 and orient the camera 106towards the mirror surface 408.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the imaging assembly 400, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 9 , the mirror assembly 104 includes a base 406, a cover 426, acover top 428, a cover front 430, hinges 432, a handle 434, a bracket436, a left endcap 438, and a right endcap 440.

In the embodiment shown, the cover 426 includes a cover top 428 and acover front 430 at right angles to each other, e.g. forming a “L-shaped”cross-section. The cover 426 can be opened and closed by swinging thecover 426 via the hinges 432. The cover 426 fits over the mirror surface408 in the closed position and protects the mirror surface 408 frombeing contacted and from dust and debris.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 , the mirror assembly 104 is in the“closed” configuration with the cover 426 closed over the base 406 andmirror surface 408 and the extension arm 404 is retracted, or folded in.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 above, the mirror assembly 104 is inthe “open” configuration with the cover 426 open, or folded back via thehinges 432 exposing the mirror surface 408 and the extension arm 404extended, or folded out. Generally, the mirror assembly 104 can belightweight and small enough in dimension to be easily carried, such asby the user 108, and transported in the closed configuration. The mirrorassembly 104 can be opened, such as by user 108, and used in the openconfiguration during vehicle undercarriage image capture, such asdescribed above with respect to the vehicle undercarriage imaging system300.

In the example shown the left endcap 438 is attached to the base 406,and the right endcap 440 is attached to the cover 426. In someembodiments, the base 406 and cover 426 can form a rectangular “tube”cross-section when the cover 426 is closed. The left endcap 438 closesoff the left opening of the “tube” formed by the base 406 and cover 426,and the right endcap 440 fits with the camera mount 402 to close off theright opening of the “tube” when the extension arm 404 is in theretracted position. The left endcap 438 and right endcap 440 protect themirror surface 408 from being contacted from foreign objects enteringthe “tube” when the cover 426 is in the closed position.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the imaging assembly 400, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 10 illustrates the mirror assembly 104 is in the closed positionbut with the cover 426 transparent to allow a view of the right endcap440 and camera mount 402. In the embodiment shown, the camera mount 402and right endcap 440 combine close off the right-side opening of the“tube” formed by the base 406 and cover 426. In the example shown, thecamera mount base 410 has a width equal to the mirror assembly 104depth, and the camera mount arm 414 is folded in, or swung in, towardsthe extension arm 404 to fit within the mirror assembly tube cavity suchthat the camera mount 402 does not extend beyond the depth of the mirrorassembly 104.

In some embodiments, the bracket 436 and extension arm 404 fit togethervia the lock slot 424 when the extension arm 404 is in the retractedposition and the cover 426 is closed, as illustrated in FIG. 11 . FIG.11 is a perspective view of the mirror assembly 104, in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment shown, thebracket 436 is attached to the cover front 430 and is sized to bereceived by the lock slot 424. In the embodiment shown, when the mirrorassembly 104 is in the closed configuration with the cover 426 closedand the extension arm 404 in the retracted position, the bracket 436 isreceived in the lock slot 424 and prevents the cover 426 from opening.In other words, in the embodiment shown, the bracket 436 and lock slot424 form a latch and can latch the cover 426 closed. As such, the user108 can lift and carry the imaging assembly 400 by the handle 434conveniently and without the cover 426 inadvertently coming open.

In some embodiments, the mirror assembly 104 can be opened by slidingand rotating the extension arm 404 from the retracted, or folded in,position to the extended position and opening the cover 426, and closedby closing the cover 426 and rotating and sliding the extension arm 404from the extended position to the retracted position. FIG. 12 is aperspective view of the mirror assembly 104 and extension arm 404, inaccordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In theembodiment shown, the mirror assembly 104 includes a base bottom outsidesurface 442, a rotation pin 444 and a stop bar 446.

In the embodiment shown, the extension arm base 418 and extension armside 420 fit along the outside surfaces the corner formed by the base406 and cover 426, e.g. along the outside surface of the cover front 430and the base bottom outside surface 442. The rotation pin 444 can beattached to the base bottom outside surface 442 and can slidably fitwithin the rotation slot 422. In the embodiment shown, the rotation pin444 is near the right-side end of the length of the rotation slot 422,and the bracket 436 is mated within the lock slot 424 latching the cover426 closed. In some embodiments, the mirror assembly 104 can be openedby sliding, e.g. translating, the extension arm 404 along the width ofthe mirror assembly 104 in the direction indicated in FIG. 12 , e.g.towards the right endcap, until the left end of the lock slot 424 isnear, or contacts, the rotation pin 444. When the extension arm 404 isslid to the right such that the rotation pin 444 is near or contacts theleft end of the rotation slot 422, the lock slot 424 will clear thebracket 436 unlatching the cover 426 and allowing the cover to open. Theextension arm 404 can then be rotated about the rotation pin 444 suchthat the camera mount 402 attached to the other end of the extension arm404 is spaced apart from the mirror assembly by the predeterminedhorizontal distance D facing the mirror surface 408 and the extensionarm is perpendicular to the width of the mirror assembly 104, asillustrated in FIG. 6 . The stop bar 446 can be attached to the basebottom outside surface 442 and stop the rotation of the extension arm404 by contact when the extension arm 404 is rotated such that it isperpendicular to, e.g. normal to, the width of the mirror assembly 104,as illustrated in FIG. 13 . FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the mirrorassembly 104 and extension arm 404, in accordance with some embodimentsof the present disclosure. In the embodiment shown, the mirror assembly104 is in the open position and the extension arm 404 is in the extendedposition. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 , the stop bar 446 is incontact with the extension arm base 418 when the extension arm 404 isnormal to the width of the mirror assembly 104, and the end of theextension arm side 420 opposite the camera mount 402 is in contact with,or near to, and flush with a front outside surface of the mirrorassembly base 406.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the mirror assembly 104, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodimentshown, the mirror assembly 104 is in the open configuration and includesa mirror 448, the base 406, and fiducial marks 460 and 462. The examplein FIG. 14 also illustrates the left endcap 438 and the mirror surface408.

In some embodiments, the mirror 448 includes a mirror substrate 450having a thickness and the mirror surface 408. The mirror substrate 450can be reversible, e.g. including a mirror surface 408 on both the topand bottom surfaces of the mirror substrate 450. The mirror substrate450 determines the shape of the mirror surface 408. For example, in someembodiments the mirror substrate 450 can be curved and hold the mirrorsurface 408 in a corresponding curved shape, e.g. the mirror substrate450 can have a convex or concave shape, a spherical shape, a parabolicshape, or any other determined shape. In preferred embodiments, themirror surface is flat, e.g. planar, and holds the mirror surface 408 ina planar shape. The mirror substrate 450 can be made from moldedplastic, acrylic, polycarbonate, metal, or any suitable material withsufficient strength and stiffness to retain a desired shape and hold themirror surface 408 to retain its shape to hold the mirror in a fixedposition. The mirror substrate 450 can be made with sufficient thicknessto have sufficient strength and stiffness to hold a desired shape.

In some embodiments, the mirror surface 408 can have a highreflectivity, e.g. greater than 40%, or greater than 80%, greater than96% reflectivity. The mirror surface 408 can have a low surfaceroughness such that the mirror surface 408 is a specular reflectingsurface. In some embodiments, the mirror surface 408 can be the outsidesurface of the mirror substrate 450, in other embodiments the mirrorsurface 408 can be formed on the mirror substrate 450 by coating areflective material, such as silver, on the mirror substrate 450.

In some embodiments, the mirror surface 408 can include a protectivefilm, coating, or covering. For example, the mirror surface can becoated with a hydrophobic or oleophobic material, and the mirror 448 maycontain an anti-static material or layer. In some embodiments, themirror surface 408 can be coated with an anti-scratch hardcoat. In otherembodiments, the mirror surface 408 can include an anti-glare material,coating, film, or covering. In still other embodiments, a transparentprotective film can be overlaid with, or adhered to, the mirror surface408. In some embodiments, the mirror surface 408 can include ananti-fingerprint material or coating.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 , the mirror 448 is supported at anangle A by the base 406. The base 406 can include a bottom 452 and aback 454 that is at right angles with, and adjacent to, the back 454such that the bottom 452 and the back 454 form an “L-shaped” crosssection. In the embodiment shown, the bottom 452 can include a bottomlip 456 that extends in the height direction y from the front edge ofthe bottom 452 and runs the width of the bottom 452, and the back 454can include a back lip 458 that extends in the depth direction x fromthe top edge of the back 454 and runs the width of the back 454. In theembodiment shown, the mirror 448 is flat and rectangular, and has awidth that is less than the width of the mirror assembly 104 and aheight such that the mirror 448 is supported by the bottom lip 456,bottom 452, back lip 458, and back 454 within the mirror assembly 104,and such that the mirror 448 is tilted back with respect to the y-zplane at an angle A. In some embodiments, the angle A can be degrees. Inother embodiments, the angle A can be any other angle at which areflected image remains visible within a field of view of a camera,e.g., between about 20 and about 70 degrees. Other angles are useable aswell.

In the embodiment shown, the mirror 448 can be slid along the widthdirection of the mirror assembly 104 to remove the mirror 448 when themirror assembly 104 is in the open configuration. As such, the mirror448 is removable and replaceable within the mirror assembly 104, and canbe flipped to as to expose the bottom surface of the mirror substrate450 rather than the top, or be replaced by a different mirror 448. Inother embodiments, the mirror 448 can be mounted to the mirror assembly104 via a set of magnets attached to the mirror substrate 450, and anopposing set of magnets attached to the mirror assembly base 406.

In the embodiment shown, the bottom lip 456 includes the fiducial mark460 along the surface of the bottom lip 456 facing the camera 106. Theexample shown also illustrates the fiducial mark 462 on the surface ofthe back lip 458 facing the camera 106. In some embodiments, thefiducial marks 460 and 462 can be used for camera calibration andautomated detection of the location and orientation of the mirrorsurface 408 and selection of the associated sub-regions within capturedvideo or images. In some embodiments, the fiducial marks 460 and 462 canbe located on any component of the mirror assembly 104 viewable by thecamera 106. In some embodiments, only a single fiducial mark 460 can beused, located on any component and in any location of the mirrorassembly 104 viewable by the camera 106, and in other embodiments aplurality of fiducial marks 460 or 462 can be used, located on anycomponent and in any location of the mirror assembly 104 viewable by thecamera 106. In some embodiments, the fiducial marks 460 and 462 are apattern, a color, a shape, an LED or other light emitting element, amaterial visible on and attached to any component of the mirror assembly104, or any other distinguishing marking viewable by the camera 106. Insome embodiments, the fiducial mark 460 or 462 can be a continuous markbordering the entire perimeter of the mirror surface 408.

Another example embodiment of an imaging assembly 500 will now bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 15-18 . The imaging assembly 500illustrates an alternative extension arm and camera mount assembly. Insome embodiments, the imaging assembly 500 can be portable, and can beused in the vehicle undercarriage imaging system 300 for capturingvehicle undercarriage video sufficient to reconstruct a composite imageof a vehicle undercarriage 306 at a location 102 without the need tolift, or otherwise separate, the vehicle 110 from the surface 310 onwhich the vehicle 110 resides.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly 500, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 15 , the imaging assembly 500 includes a mirror assembly 104 in anopen configuration, a camera mount 502 a and 502 b, and a pair ofextension arms 504 a and 504 b. The example shown in FIG. 15 , alsoillustrates a left endcap 538, a right endcap 540, and the camera 106.

In the example shown, the camera mount is split into left and rightportions 502 a and 502 b attached to the end of the extension arms 504 aand 504 b, respectively. The camera mount 502 a and 502 b support thecamera 106 in a position oriented towards the mirror surface 408.

In the embodiment shown, the extension arms 504 a and 504 b areillustrated in an extended position. The extension arms 504 a and 504 bcan position the camera mount 502 a-b such that the camera 106 islocated centrally along the width W of the mirror surface 408 andseparated from the mirror assembly 104 by a depth distance D in adirection perpendicular to the width of the mirror surface 408. Theextension arms 504 a-b can be made of metal, such as steel or aluminum,or any suitable material with sufficient strength and stiffness tosupport the camera mount 502 a-b with the camera 106 mounted. In someembodiments, the extension arms 504 a-b can be attachable to the mirrorassembly 104 and can be extendable and retractable from the mirrorassembly 104. In some embodiments, the extension arms 504 a-b in theextended position are perpendicular to the width W of the mirror surface408, and the extension arms 504 a-b in the retracted position areparallel to the width W of the mirror surface 408, as illustrated belowin FIG. 16 .

In the embodiment shown, the mirror assembly 104 includes a base 406 anda cover 426. The example also shows that both the left endcap 538 andthe right endcap 540 are attached to the cover 426. The left endcap 538closes off the left opening of the “tube” formed by the base 406 andcover 426 when the mirror assembly 104 is in the closed configuration,and the right endcap 540 closes off the right opening of the “tube.” Thecover 426, the left endcap 538 and right endcap 540 protect the mirrorsurface 408 from being contacted from foreign objects entering the“tube” when the cover 426 is in the closed position. In the embodimentshown, the left endcap 538 and the right endcap 540 being attached tothe cover 426 allows the extension arms 504 a-b to be extended andretracted when the mirror assembly 104 is in the open configuration.

In the example shown, the imaging assembly 500 can be placed on asurface, such as the ground, a road, a parking lot, the surface 310 onwhich a vehicle 110 resides. The mirror assembly 104 supports the mirrorsurface 408 at the correct angle such that the mirror surface 408reflects a worm's eye view of the vehicle undercarriage to the camera106 mounted in the camera mount 502 a-b. The mirror assembly can alsosupport the extension arm 404 and camera mount 402, either of which canbe placed on the surface 310 or be suspended above the surface 310 andsupported by the mirror assembly 104.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly 500, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 16 , the extension arms 504 a-b are in the retracted position, andreside behind the mirror 448. In the example shown in FIG. 16 , themirror surface width W is less than the width of the mirror assembly104, allowing space on the left and right side for the camera mounts 502a-b to be stored within the mirror assembly 104 when the extension arms504 a-b are in the retracted position.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly 500, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 17 , the imaging assembly 500 includes extension arm holders 560a-b. In the embodiment shown, the extension arm holders are positionedunderneath the mirror 428 along the base 406, and are sized to receivethe extension arms 504 a-b. The example shown in FIG. 17 alsoillustrates the fiducial mark 460.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the camera mount 502 a-b, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example shown inFIG. 18 also illustrate the extension arms 504 a-b and camera 106.

In the embodiment shown, the camera mount 502 a is attached to theextension arm 504 a, and the camera mount 502 b is attached to theextension arm 504 b. The camera mount 502 a and 502 b each include aslot sized to receive the camera 106. In some embodiments, the camera106 can be loosely placed into the slots in the camera mount 502 a and502 b such that the camera 106 is oriented towards the mirror surface408, and in other embodiments, the camera 106 can be press fit into theslots in the camera mount 502 a and 502 b such that the camera 106 isoriented towards the mirror surface 408. In still other embodiments, thecamera 106 can be held in place by tension fitting, locking mechanism,or any other method or mechanism that supports and holds the camera 106oriented towards the mirror surface 408.

The camera mount 502 a-b can be made of plastic, molded plastic, rubber,metal, or any suitable material with sufficient strength and stiffnessto support the camera 106 and orient the camera 106 towards the mirrorsurface 408.

In conjunction with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 15-18 , the use ofmore than one extension arm provides additional stability and ensuresproper positioning of the camera mount when both extension arms areattached to the camera mount.

Another example embodiment of an imaging assembly 570 will now bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 19-22 . The imaging assembly 570illustrates an alternative base including adjustable bumpers, a levelingindicator, and an alternative mirror attachment means including magnets.It should be noted that adjustable bumpers, leveling indicators, and anyalternative mirror attachment means, including the use of magnets, canbe included in any embodiment of an imaging assembly, including theimaging assembly 400 and the imaging assembly 500 discussed above. Insome embodiments, the imaging assembly 570 can be portable, and can beused in the vehicle undercarriage imaging system 300 for capturingvehicle undercarriage video sufficient to reconstruct a composite imageof a vehicle undercarriage 306 at a location 102 without the need tolift, or otherwise separate, the vehicle 110 from the surface 310 onwhich the vehicle 110 resides.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an imaging assembly 570, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 19 , the imaging assembly 570 includes a mirror assembly 104 in anopen configuration, a camera mount 572, and an extension arm 574. Theexample shown in FIG. 15 , also illustrates a base 576, legs 578,adjustable bumpers 580, and magnets 582.

In some embodiments, the base 576 is attached to the legs 578 whichposition the base 576 at an angle in the depth direction such that areflected field of view that is viewable in a mirror surface 408, heldin the same plane as the base 576, from the camera mount is above themirror assembly in the height direction. In some embodiments, adjustablebumpers 580 can be attached to the legs, and can be adjustable so aschange the angle of the base 576 in the depth direction, and also tochange the leveling of the base 576 in the width direction along thewidth of the mirror surface 408.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a mirror assembly 104, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 20 , the mirror assembly 104 includes a base 576 including a bottomlip 456, a mirror 448, pads 584, magnets 582, legs 578, adjustablebumpers 580, and a level indicator 586. The example shown in FIG. 20also illustrates a mirror surface 408 and a bracket 588.

In some embodiments, the mirror 448 can be reversible having areflective mirror surface 408 as both the top and bottom outer surfacesof the mirror 448. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20 , the mirror 448is placed on the base 576 such that the bottom surface of the mirror 448might come into contact with the surface of the base, and may thereforedamage the bottom surface of the mirror 448. In some embodiments, pads584 can be placed between the bottom of the mirror 448 and the topsurface of the base 576. The pads 584 can have the same area as the base576 or the mirror 448, and in other embodiments the pads 584 can have adifferent area than the mirror 448 or base 576 and act as a spacer. Insome embodiments, the pads 584 can be attached to the base 576, in otherembodiments the pads 584 can be attached to the mirror 448, and in otherembodiments the pads can be free-floating and attached to neither thebase 576 nor the mirror 448. In some embodiments the pads 584 are madeof felt, and in other embodiments the pads 584 are made of any othermaterial that can protect the bottom surface of the mirror 448, e.g. amirror surface 408, from being damaged by coming into contact with thebase 576.

In some embodiments, the mirror 448 can be attached to the base 576using magnets 582. For example, magnets 582 may be attached to both thetop and bottom surfaces of the mirror 448 and to the base 576 at theappropriate position on the base 576 so as to match up with the magnets582 attached to the mirror 448. The magnets 582 can be arranged suchthat the magnets 582 attached to the base 576 and the mirror 448 haveopposite magnetic poles facing each other and are thus attracted andattach the mirror 448 to the base 576 by a magnetic attraction force.

In some embodiments, the adjustable bumpers 580 can be threaded, and thelegs 578 included thread-holes to receive the threaded adjustablebumpers 580, so as to adjust the angle and leveling of the mirrorsurface 408 by threading the adjustable bumpers 580 into and out of thethread-holes. The legs 578 and adjustable bumpers 580 can be made ofplastic, molded plastic, rubber, metal, or any suitable material withsufficient strength and stiffness to support the base 576.

In some embodiments, the mirror assembly 104 can include a levelindicator 586. In the example shown in FIG. 20 , the level indicator isattached to the bracket 588, which is attached to the legs 578. In otherembodiments, the level indicator can be attached to other components ofthe base 576, or the base 406.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a mirror assembly 104, in accordancewith some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown inFIG. 21 , the mirror assembly 104 includes a level indicator 586. Theexample shown in FIG. 21 also illustrates the base 576, the mirrorsurface 408, the bracket 588, the legs 578, and the adjustable bumpers580.

In some embodiments, the base 576 can be attached to a plurality of legs578, each of which includes at least one adjustable bumper 580. In theexample shown, the base 576 is attached to three legs 578, each havingan adjustable bumper 580. In some embodiments, both the angle of thebase 576 in the depth direction and the level of the base 576 along thewidth direction of the mirror surface 408 can be adjusted by adjustingthe adjustable bumpers 580. For example, adjusting the height of allthree of the adjustable bumpers 580 by the same amount can adjust theangle of the base 576 in the depth direction, which adjusting the heightof the left or right adjustable bumper 580 in the example shown canchange both the angle of the base 576 in the depth direction and thelevel of the base 576 in the width direction.

In the example shown, the level indicator 586 can be attached to themirror assembly 104 such that it can indicate the level of the base 576in the width direction of the mirror surface 408. In some embodiments,the level indicator can be a bubble level with its cylinder axisparallel to the width direction of the mirror surface 408.

Although shown in conjunction with the imaging assembly 570, it is notedthat the various features seen therein, such as the fiducial marks 460and 462, the adjustable bumpers 580, magnets 582, pads 584, and or thelevel indicator 586 may be incorporated into other versions of theimaging assembly, such as imaging assemblies 400, 500 described above.

Referring generally now to FIGS. 6-21 , in some embodiments, a lightsource can be attached to the mirror assembly 104. For example, a lightsource can be attached to the upper surface of the back lip 458, or alight source can be attached to the inner surface of the cover top 428such that the light from the light source is directed in the heightdirection above the mirror surface 408, for example to illuminate theundercarriage of a vehicle passing over the mirror assembly 104, or alight source can be attached to the bracket 588. In other embodiments, alight source can be attached to other components of the mirror assembly104. The light source can include a plurality of individual lightsources, and can be of any type, e.g. light emitting diode (LED),fluorescent tube, incandescent, halogen, flash lamp, etc. In preferredembodiments, the light source can be a strip of LEDs oriented to emitlight in the height z direction to illuminate a vehicle undercarriage.In some embodiments, an ambient light sensor and a light sourcecontroller can be attached to the mirror assembly 104 for regulating thelight source. For example, an ambient light sensor can sense low ambientlight level conditions, such as with an overcast day or at night, andcan send a signal to the controller to turn on or increase thebrightness of the light source. The ambient light sensor can also senseambient light level conditions sufficient for capturing vehicleundercarriage data without the light source and can send a signal to thecontroller to reduce the brightness or turn off the light source.

Referring now to FIGS. 22-36 , methods and systems for capturing imagedata and processing captured image data to create composite vehicleundercarriage images using the systems and apparatus of FIGS. 3-21 aredescribed. Generally, the methods and systems described herein may beexecuted at least in part on a computing device, such as a mobile devicemounted to the imaging assemblies as described above, for example aspart of execution of a vehicle inspection application installed on sucha device.

FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of an example computing system 600useable to process captured vehicle undercarriage image or video data,according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Theexample computing system 600 represents one possible embodiment of adevice, such as a mobile computing device including a camera, used tocapture and process image data. In general, the computing system 600includes a processor 602 communicatively connected to a memory 604 via adata bus 606. The processor 602 can be any of a variety of types ofprogrammable circuits capable of executing computer-readableinstructions to perform various tasks, such as mathematical andcommunication tasks, such as those described above in connection withFIG. 22 . The memory 604 can include any of a variety of memory devices,such as using various types of computer-readable or computer storagemedia, as also discussed above. In the embodiment shown, the memory 604stores a vehicle inspection application 612, discussed in further detailbelow. The computing system 600 can also include a communicationinterface 608 configured to receive and transmit data, for example toaccess data in an external database, or to serve a web interface useableto process audio data. Additionally, the computing system 600 caninclude a camera 106 used for capturing image or video data, and adisplay 610 that can be used for viewing a local version of a userinterface, as described herein, via the vehicle inspection application612.

In various embodiments, the vehicle inspection application 612 generallyis configured to generate an interface to automatically process vehicleinspection data, such as video data and audio data, and provideprocessed vehicle inspection data results. In the example embodimentshown, the vehicle inspection application 612 includes an interfacegenerator 614, an image compositor 616, a machine learning component618, and a computer vision component 620.

The memory 604 can include image and video data 626, which can includecaptured vehicle undercarriage video data including other associateddata such as metadata, as well as other information, for any number ofvehicles. The memory 604 may also include tag data 628, which caninclude user input tags associated with the image and video data 626.Examples of tags are described above in connection with FIG. 2 . Thememory 604 may also include metadata 630, which can include dataassociated with the image and video files such as image and videocapture settings, e.g. the number of video frames, frame rate, date andtime of image and video capture, type of digital format, and vehicleinformation such as vehicle identification, information from the vehiclecomputer, and vehicle information from third party reporting systems, aswell as other information, for any number of vehicles.

In example embodiments, the interface generator 614 can be configured togenerate and serve a vehicle undercarriage image compositing anddiagnostics user interface. The vehicle undercarriage image compositingand diagnostics user interface presents to a user software controls fordownloading image and video data, manipulating image and video dataprocessing settings, initiating image and video data processing, andobtaining results from image and video data processing.

In the example shown, the image compositor 616 is configured to generatea composite digital image of a vehicle undercarriage from the capturedvehicle undercarriage data, such as video data, or a series of images,captured of portions of a vehicle undercarriage.

In the example shown, the machine learning component 618 is configuredto extract features from the composited image of the vehicleundercarriage. In some embodiments, the machine learning component 618uses deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) trained to extractfeatures from images and video and perform some classification task,keypoint estimation task, semantic segmentation task, or instancesegmentation task. Vehicle undercarriage video, image samples, andassociated tags, for example captured digital vehicle undercarriageimage and video data along with associated tags that may be stored inthe image and video data 626 in the memory 604, may form a dataset fromwhich to train machine learning algorithms, as well as validate machinelearning results. Examples of features include aftermarket modification,e.g. lift kits, replacement parts, etc., excessive rust and corrosion,flood damage, e.g. corrosion, dirt and debris, etc., frame damage,missing components, e.g. removal of the catalytic converter, etc.,exhaust system defects, e.g. holes in the exhaust pipes or muffler, thepresence of non-standard components, e.g. items attached to the vehicleundercarriage. Other machine learning algorithms such as linear models,probability models, etc., for example, ordinary least squares, ridgeregression, or support vector machines, may also be used to predict atag or tags from another tag or tags. Machine learning is furtherdescribed below in connection with FIGS. 35 to 36 .

In alternative embodiments, the machine learning component 618 may notbe included within the vehicle inspection application 612, and insteadis included at a server, such as server 112. In such embodiments,composite vehicle undercarriage images can be sent to the server 112 forpurposes of automated analysis to identify features such as those notedabove. Machine learning, as may be implemented at server 112, is furtherdescribed below in connection with FIGS. 31 to 32 .

In the example shown, the computer vision component 620 is configured toextract features from the composited image of the vehicle undercarriage.In some embodiments, the computer vision component 620 uses algorithmssuitable for computer vision to extract features from images and videoand perform tasks such as or inform machine learning models as acomponent of a dataset for tasks such as classification, keypointestimation, semantic segmentation, or instance segmentation. Examples ofsuch algorithms include Size Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT),projective transformations, affine transformations, edge detectionalgorithms, etc. Examples of features include aftermarket modification,e.g. lift kits, replacement parts, etc., excessive rust and corrosion,flood damage, e.g. corrosion, dirt and debris, etc., frame damage,missing components, e.g. removal of the catalytic converter, etc.,exhaust system defects, e.g. holes in the exhaust pipes or muffler, thepresence of non-standard components, e.g. items attached to the vehicleundercarriage.

It is noted that although certain functionality of the vehicleinspection application 612 is described herein, other functionality maybe provided as well. For example, the vehicle inspection application 612may be configured to capture and analyze various other information abouta vehicle, such as exterior and interior photographs of the vehicle,audio of vehicle engine operation, and user input of various vehiclecharacteristics (make/model, mileage, observed characteristics). Exampletypes of audio features that may be captured and analyzed in such avehicle inspection application are described in copending U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/795,444, entitled “Vehicle AudioCapture and Diagnostics”, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporatedby reference in its entirety.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart of a method 700 for reconstructing a vehicleundercarriage composite image, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The method 700 can be performed, for example, at acomputing device or a server, such as data consumer devices 122, 124, or126, a mobile computing device, a server 112 of FIG. 1 , and thecomputing system 600 of FIG. 22 .

In the embodiment shown, the method 700 includes receiving input to opena new vehicle undercarriage image file at step 702. In some embodiments,the input can be provided by a user 108 and received through a userinterface, such as a user interface generated by the interface generator614 of a computing system 600 illustrated in FIG. 22 . At step 704,vehicle undercarriage data capture settings are received, such asthrough a user interface generated by the interface generator 614. Atstep 706, the vehicle identification number (VIN) of the vehicle that isto have its undercarriage imaged is scanned. In some embodiments,scanning a vehicle VIN can be done using a vehicle inspectionapplication, such as the vehicle inspection application 612 illustratedand described above in connection with FIG. 22 , in conjunction with themobile device camera and other software or firmware on the mobiledevice. At step 708, the vehicle undercarriage video is recorded.

In the embodiment shown, at step 710, individual frames from thecaptured vehicle undercarriage video data are extracted. The vehicleundercarriage video data is stored as a digital video file, and tagsidentifying conditions during video capture can be associated with thevideo file. In some embodiments, the user 108 can select the frames tobe extracted using a user interface of the vehicle inspectionapplication 612.

In the embodiment shown, at step 712, a sub-region within each of theindividual frames extracted at step 702 is determined. Generally, thesub-region is determined for all of the frames, e.g. the pixel locationsof the sub-region are the same in each of the individual frames. In someembodiments, the sub-region can be determined by selecting a rectangularregion within the frames of a certain width and height and located at aparticular location within the frames. For example, the sub-region cancorrespond to a region of interest with the frames, such as arectangular region including the mirror surface 308, and also a portionof the vehicle undercarriage 306, can be the region of interest forcompositing a vehicle undercarriage image, and can be selected as thesub-region. In some embodiments, the sub-region can be selected by theuser 108 using a user interface of the vehicle inspection application612. In some embodiments, the sub-region corresponds to a slice of imagedata included in a region of interest.

In some embodiments, the sub-region can be determined by identifyingfeatures within the frames, such as fiducial marks 460 and 462. In otherembodiments, the sub-region can be determined by identifying otherfeatures within the frames, for example, a colored border or LEDspositioned around the periphery of the mirror surface 308. In suchcases, each frame of the video can be scanned for the predeterminedcolor data, e.g. HSV or HSL values in a three-channel HSV or HSL frame,corresponding to the colored border, and bounding boxes that encompassthose pixels having the predetermined color data can be determined. Thesub-region can then be determined from the pixel locations of thebounding boxes. In some embodiments, a sub-region corresponding to eachframe can be determined by identifying features within the frames. Insome embodiments, identification of the sub-region can be performedautomatically using features within the frames, such as by the vehicleinspection application 612. In other embodiments, identification of thesub-region can be performed by a user, such as the user 108, using auser interface, such as a user interface via the vehicle inspectionapplication 612.

In some embodiments, the sub-region can be determined using motiondetection. For example, a subset of frames can be examined to identifypixels that remain static, e.g. the pixels values do not change orchange less than a predetermined tolerance, and to identify pixels thatchange, e.g. have values that change more than a predeterminedtolerance. Pixels identified as “static” can be designated as“background” and pixels identified as “changing” can be designated as“foreground.” Bounding boxes can be determined that encompass the“foreground pixels”, and the sub-region can then be determined from thepixel locations of the bounding boxes.

In the embodiment shown, at step 714, the sub-regions determined at step712 are extracted from the frames. In some embodiments, the set ofsub-regions extracted from the video frames are sequentially orderedaccording to the time at which each frame was captured in the video. Assuch, the set of extracted sub-regions are also sequentially orderedaccording to location along the length of the vehicle undercarriage forsub-regions that are extracted from video frames of a video capturing amoving vehicle undercarriage from a static viewpoint. In such cases, thefirst two sub-regions will correspond to the first two positions of thevehicle undercarriage captured in the video.

In the embodiment shown, at step 716, the sub-regions extracted at step714 are composited to form the vehicle undercarriage composite image. Atstep 718, user tags related to the vehicle undercarriage composite imageare received. In some embodiments, user tags are received from a user,such as user 108, via a user interface of a vehicle inspectionapplication, such as the vehicle inspection application 612. In otherembodiments, user tags are received automatically via a vehicleinspection application 612, or automatically by a machine learningcomponent 618. Examples of user tags are described in further detailabove with respect to method 200 of FIG. 2 above.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart of a method 800 for compositing sub-regionsextracted from video data, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The method 800 can be performed, for example, at acomputing device or a server, such as data consumer devices 122, 124, or126, a mobile computing device, a server 112 of FIG. 1 , and thecomputing system 600 of FIG. 22 . The method 800 is one example of amethod that can be used to perform the method step 716 of the method 700described above and illustrated in FIG. 23 .

In the example shown, the method 800 includes determining pixel shiftdistances between features in the extracted sub-regions at step 802.

In some embodiments, the pixel shift distances can be determined byphase correlation. For example, a fast fourier transform (FFT) can beused to convert the extracted sub-regions into frequency representationsin the Fourier domain, e.g. the frequency domain, where phasecorrelation can be used to determine x-y pixel shift differences betweenthe sub-regions based on the position of maximum phase correlation. Insome embodiments, pre-processing can be applied to the extractedsub-regions before applying phase correlation. For example, thesub-regions can be contrast enhanced, converted to grayscale, and edgedetection can be performed, such as by performing a Sobel edgedetection. In some embodiments, edge detection can filter out “noise”such as image anomalies included in the sub-regions originating fromdebris or other obstructions or distortions of the view of the vehicleundercarriage during video capture, e.g. dust, water droplets, etc., onthe mirror surface 308. In some embodiments, the x-y pixel shiftdifferences include sub-pixel shifts, e.g. shifts that are less than apixel or include fractional amounts of a pixel.

In other embodiments, the pixel shift distance can be determined usingmotion vectors calculated from the sub-regions. In some embodiments, Instill other embodiments, machine learning can be applied to determinethe pixel shift distance. In some embodiments, applying machine learningto determine the pixel shift distance can be robust and accuratelydetermine the pixel shift distance when the sub-regions include “noise”such as dust or water droplets on the mirror surface during videocapture.

In some embodiments, the determination of pixel shift distances betweenfeatures in extracted subregions can be performed at a computing deviceusing open source functions. For example, OpenCV functions performingphase correlation, such as cv::phaseCorrelate, can be used. In someembodiments, open source functions performing processing, such as colorconversion, e.g. cv::cvtColor, edge detection, e.g. cv::Sobel andcv::Laplacian, and Gaussian blurring, e.g. cv::GaussianBlur, can beused. In addition, open source functions can provide conversionfunctionality between open source functions and platform-specificapplication environments, such as iOS, for example, UIImageToMat( ) andMatToUIImage( ) for converting the extracted sub-regions between imagetypes used in Swift and OpenCV. In some embodiments, open sourcefunctions, such as those in OpenCV, use various functions from the NumPylibrary, and can be used to provide additional applicationfunctionality.

In the embodiment shown, at step 804, the sub-regions are composited. Insome embodiments, compositing the sub-regions include shifting thesub-regions relative to each other by the pixel shift distancesdetermined in step 802 and blending overlapping pixels to form thecomposite vehicle undercarriage image. At step 806, post-processing canbe applied to the vehicle undercarriage composite image. In someembodiments, post-processing includes cropping extraneous edges,equalizing and adjusting the contrast, brightness, color, and vibrancyof the vehicle undercarriage composite image.

In accordance with the method 800 of FIG. 24 , in some embodiments, thepixel shift distances determined in step 802 may be performed acrosseach of the image sub-regions that are used to form the compositevehicle undercarriage image collectively, with all sub-regionscomposited at step 804 concurrently. In alternative embodiments, subsetsof the sub-regions may be analyzed, pixel shift distances computed, andsub-regions composited. For example, in some instances, pixel shiftdistances between a first and second sub-region are calculated, thosetwo sub-regions are composited, and that composited image issubsequently analyzed with a third sub-region for compositing. Such aprocess may occur iteratively until an entire composite vehicleundercarriage image is formed. In still further embodiments, a plurality(but not all) sub-regions may be analyzed and composited concurrently,with composite sub-images then further composited to form the overallcomposite vehicle undercarriage image.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart of another method 850 for compositing sub-regionsextracted from video data, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The method 850 can be performed, for example, at acomputing device or a server, such as data consumer devices 122, 124, or126, a mobile computing device, a server 112 of FIG. 1 , and thecomputing system 600 of FIG. 22 . The method 850 is one example of amethod that can be used to perform the method steps 712, 714, and 716 ofthe method 700 described above and illustrated in FIG. 23 . The method850 is analogous to various slit scanning techniques in which a verythin slit is used as an aperture of a film camera along with high-speedfilm. In general, the method 850 can be used with conventional videoimaging techniques, with a small subset of the same rows of pixels, orthe same single row of pixels, in each of the captured digital imagescorresponding to a “slit image.” The method 850 has the advantage ofenabling the use of a very low profile mirror assembly, such as mirrorassembly 104 having a very small height H as illustrated in FIG. 3 .

In the example shown, the method 850 includes determining rows withinframes of vehicle undercarriage digital video at step 852. In someembodiments, a single row is determined, and in other embodiments asubset of rows are determined. Generally, the row or rows are determinedfor all of the frames, e.g. the pixel locations of the sub-region arethe same in each of the individual frames. In some embodiments, asdescribed above with respect to method step 802, the individual framesof vehicle undercarriage video are sequentially ordered according to thetime at which each frame was captured in the video. As such, the setdetermined rows within the frames are also sequentially orderedaccording to location along the length of the vehicle undercarriage forrows that are extracted from video frames of a video capturing a movingvehicle undercarriage from a static viewpoint. In some embodiments, therows can be determined by selecting the row or rows, identifyingfeatures with the frames, and using motion detection, as described inmore detail above with respect to method step 712. At step 854, the rowor rows determined at step 852 are extracted from the frames. At step856, the row or rows extracted at step 854 are arranged vertically insequential order by frame from which the row or rows were extracted toform the composite image of the vehicle undercarriage. At step 858, usertags related to the vehicle undercarriage composite image are received.Examples of user tags are described in further detail above with respectto method 200 of FIG. 2 above.

FIGS. 26-34 illustrate an example user interface, such as a userinterface of a vehicle inspection application 612. The user interface,and associated screens described below, illustrate operation of thevehicle inspection application in accordance with the methods 700, 800described above in connection with FIGS. 22-24 .

FIG. 26 is an image of user interface screen 900 for receiving input toopen a new vehicle undercarriage image file, according to an exampleembodiment of the present disclosure. The user interface screen 902 isan example of a screen that can be used to perform the method step 702further described above and illustrated in FIG. 23 . In the embodimentshown, the user interface screen 900 includes a button 902 which theuser 108 can touch, e.g. using a mobile device having a touch screenenabled to receive touch input and displaying the user interface screen900.

FIG. 27 is an image of user interface screen 910 for receiving vehicleundercarriage data capture settings, according to an example embodimentof the present disclosure. The user interface screen 910 is an exampleof a screen that can be used to perform the method step 704 furtherdescribed above and illustrated in FIG. 23 . In the embodiment shown,the user interface screen 900 includes a “recording countdown” textfield, a “recording duration” text field, a series of frame rate togglebuttons, and a “save changes” button. In some embodiments, recordingcountdown in units of seconds can be entered as text in the recordingcountdown text field, the recording duration in seconds can be enteredin the recording duration text field, the frame rate can be selected,and the settings can be save changes button can be selected to save theentered settings. In some embodiments, the recording countdowncorresponds to a delay time, for example, to allow a user 108 toinitiate recording using a mobile device having a camera 106 and get inthe vehicle 110.

FIG. 28 is an image of user interface screens 920 for scanning the VINand an image of a user interface screen 925 for verifying the scannedVIN, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. Theuser interface screens 920 and 925 are examples of a screens that can beused to perform the method step 706 further described above andillustrated in FIG. 23 . In the embodiment shown, the user interfacescreen 920 also includes the option to manually enter the VIN.

FIG. 29 is an image of user interface screen 930 for recording vehicleundercarriage video, according to an example embodiment of the presentdisclosure. The user interface screen 930 is an example of a screen thatcan be used to perform the method step 708 further described above andillustrated in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 30 is an image of user interface screen 940 for receiving astarting point of a video from which frames are to be extracted,according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 31 isan image of user interface screen 950 for receiving an ending point of avideo from which frames are to be extracted, according to an exampleembodiment of the present disclosure. The user interface screens 940 and950 are example screens that can be used to perform the method step 710further described above and illustrated in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 32 is an image of user interface screen 960 for determining asub-region 968 within each of the individual frames of an extracted setof frames from a video and a user interface screen 965 for displayingthe determined sub-region 968, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The user interface screens 960 and 965 are examplescreens that can be used to perform the method step 712 furtherdescribed above and illustrated in FIG. 23 . In some embodiments, theuser interface screen 960 can be used by a user 108 to select a regionof interest to be extracted as the sub-region 968.

FIG. 33 is an image of user interface screen 970 for displaying anextracted sub-region 968 and a user interface screen 975 for displayingimage compositing progress, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The user interface screen 970 is an example screenthat can be used in connection with the method step 714 furtherdescribed above and illustrated in FIG. 23 . The user interface screen975 is an example screen that can be used in connection with the methodstep 716 further described above and illustrated in FIG. 23 .

FIG. 34 is an image of user interface screen 980 for uploading a vehicleundercarriage composite image, according to an example embodiment of thepresent disclosure. For example, the user 108 may select the uploadbutton illustrated in FIG. 34 , causing the vehicle inspectionapplication 612 to transfer the vehicle undercarriage composite image toa mobile device, data consumer devices 122, 124, or 126, or a server 112for storage and further processing or distribution.

FIG. 35 is an image of a user interface screen 985 for playback ofrecorded vehicle undercarriage video, according to an example embodimentof the present disclosure. The example shown in FIG. 35 illustrates aframe of vehicle undercarriage video and shows the perspective view ofthe camera 106 during video capture. The image shown in FIG. 35 includesa direct view of a vehicle undercarriage 306, a worm's eye view of aportion of the vehicle undercarriage reflected in a mirror surface 308,and a view of a surface 310 on which the vehicle resides.

FIG. 36 is a schematic illustration of correcting sub-regions havinganomalies due to the mirror surface 408 including debris, according toan example embodiment of the present disclosure. The example shown inFIG. 36 includes sub-regions 990, 991, and 992, and anomalies 993, 994,and 995. The sub-regions 990, 991, and 992 represent sub-regions offrames of video data captured in successive order as a vehicleundercarriage is passing through a field of view including thesub-regions, such as video data captured using the vehicle undercarriageimaging system described above with respect to FIG. 3 . The portion ofthe vehicle undercarriage captured in the sub-regions 990, 991, and 992is shifted along the length of the undercarriage by some distance Δx,and is represented in FIG. 36 as a vertical shift Δx of the sub-regions990, 991, and 992. The anomalies 993, 994, and 995 correspond to an areaand location on the mirror surface having debris. The anomaly 993corresponds to the sub-region 990, the anomaly 994 corresponds to thesub-region 991, and the anomaly 995 corresponds to the sub-region 992.

In the example shown, each of the anomalies 993-995 are of the same areaand occur at the same location relative to their respective sub-regionbecause they are caused by debris on the mirror surface, however, theportion of the vehicle undercarriage affected by the anomalies 993-995changes because of the shift Δx along the length direction due to thevehicle passing over the mirror surface during video capture. As such,in some embodiments, the location and area of the image of the portionsof the vehicle undercarriage affected by the anomaly 994 in thesub-region 991 is not affected in the sub-region 990 or the sub-region992 because that portion of the vehicle undercarriage is at a differentlocation in those sub-regions. In some embodiments, the anomalies993-995 can be corrected by replacing the affected area in therespective sub-regions using locations in other sub-regionscorresponding to the same location and area of the portion of thevehicle undercarriage that are included in those other respectivesub-regions but not affected by any anomaly.

Referring now to FIGS. 37-38 , example applications of the vehicleundercarriage imaging system described herein are provided. In exampleaspects, captured vehicle undercarriage images can be tagged with theidentifying information associated with the vehicle make and model, aswell as features identified in the images. The features identified maybe, for example, based on degradation, such as corrosion, frame damage,fluid leaks, or other types of issues that may negatively affect vehiclevaluation. The features identified may also be aftermarket changes tothe vehicle that are visible in the undercarriage, such as enhancedsuspension components, modified exhaust systems, or other features.

In FIG. 37 , additional details regarding server 112 are shown. In theexample shown, server 112 hosts a database 1000, which stores compositevehicle undercarriage images from mobile devices in the manner describedabove. The server 112 can, as noted above, generate reports and performanalysis that integrates information from those composite vehicleundercarriage images.

In the example shown, the database 1000 is stored in a memory 1002alongside a vehicle condition report management tool 1100. A processor1004 is communicatively connected via a bus 1006 to the memory, andexecutes instructions stored in the memory, including instructionsdefining the vehicle condition report management tool 1100. Acommunication interface 1008 allows the server 112 to communicate withother devices, e.g., to receive the composite vehicle undercarriageimages and provide vehicle condition reports to other devices.

In the embodiment shown, the database 1000 stores image data 1020, tagdata 1022, and metadata 1024, alongside other vehicle data 1026. Theimage data 1020 generally includes the composite vehicle undercarriageimages uploaded to the database 1000 from one or more mobile devices orother computing systems at which the images are captured and created.The image data 1020 therefore generally corresponds to the compositevehicle undercarriage images from each of a plurality of differentvehicle makes and models.

The tag data 1022 includes one or more tags associated with at leastsome of the images. The tags included in the tag data 1022 may beassociated with the image overall, or may be associated with aparticular location or region within the associated composite vehicleundercarriage image. For example, a tag associated with an image mayindicate the presence of corrosion on a vehicle undercarriage generally,or may be associated with a location in the image where such corrosionis apparent. In the example embodiments, and as discussed above, tagsincluded in the tag data 1022 may be associated with undercarriageimages by a user prior to upload of the image and tag. Additionally, insome embodiments tags may be automatically associated with particularimages. In such embodiments, image analysis may be performed to identifyfeatures in the vehicle undercarriage images. Such image analysis may bebased on, for example, providing images to a trained model of vehicleundercarriage images which can then suggest one or more tags that may beappropriate to be associated with a particular composite vehicleundercarriage image.

The metadata 1024 represents other information that may be associatedwith specific composite vehicle undercarriage images. For example, themetadata 1024 may include, for example, a time and date of imagecapture, and other information inherent in the image, for example, thedevice used to capture the image, location (latitude/longitude), etc.Additionally, metadata 1024 may include additional information that auser capturing the image may wish to associate with the image, forexample, a vehicle identification number (VIN) that uniquely identifiesthe vehicle, or other information known about the vehicle, such asregarding features (e.g., corrosion, frame damage, leaks, post-purchasesuspension/exhaust modifications, etc.) or known problems with thevehicle, such as issues regarding the operating condition of thevehicle.

The vehicle data 1026 can include other information associated with thevehicle that may be obtained and linked to the image data 1020, tag data1022, and metadata 1024. The vehicle data can include, for example,other condition information entered into a vehicle inspectionapplication, such as the vehicle undercarriage imaging applicationdescribed above with respect to FIGS. 22-30 . For example, the vehiclecondition report can include ownership records, images of the interiorand exterior of the vehicle, maintenance records and other vehicleinformation. Such information can be the basis of a suggested value forthe vehicle, or can be used by prospective purchasers to make informedbids regarding the vehicle.

In accordance with some embodiments, and to support machine-learningbased image analysis of the composite vehicle undercarriage images, thedatabase 1000 stores, in the example shown, a model library 1030 and oneor more trained models 1040. Generally, the model library 1030 storesone or more possible machine learning models that may be selected foruse in analyzing the composite vehicle undercarriage images for purposesof automatically identifying features in those images. Example modelsthat may be selected include, for example deep learning models andregression models, although other models may be utilized as well.

The trained models 1040 can include one or more models that are useableto identify features in composite vehicle undercarriage images. Forexample, a model selected from the model library may be trained with aset of training data drawn from the image data 1020, tag data 1022, andmetadata 1024 to identify features in a composite vehicle undercarriageimage.

In some examples, a selected model is trained on composite vehicleundercarriage images for a particular make and model of vehicle,including images of new vehicles and images of vehicles having features(e.g., degradation or enhanced features) that are tagged (i.e., imageshaving tag data associated therewith in the database 1000). In otherexamples, two or more models are trained on composite vehicleundercarriage images for such a make/model, and either a composite modelmay be formed, or a best candidate may be selected from the trainedmodels 1040.

In still further examples, one or more selected models may be trained ona subset of data across a plurality of makes/models of vehicles, such asa particular class of vehicles (e.g., passenger cars), a particularmanufacturer, or on some other basis. Training a model on a widervariety of types of vehicles may allow the model to automatically detecta vehicle make/model from the vehicle undercarriage image (from amongthe trained vehicle makes/models) as well as to identify features inthat image.

In accordance with the present disclosure, each of the various types ofdata 1020-1026 can be used in various combinations for training a modelwhich can in turn be used to automatically identify features in vehicleundercarriage images. This may include automatically suggestingpotential tags associated with features detected in the compositevehicle undercarriage images, for optional confirmation by a user. Suchautomatically identified features may be the basis for adjusting anestimated value for a vehicle, or determining an expected sale price ofthe vehicle based on sales prices of vehicles having similar make/modelinformation and similar combinations of tags applied thereto.

Still referring to FIG. 37 , the vehicle condition report managementtool 1100 includes a training manager 1102, an analysis module 1104, areport generator 1106, and a user administration tool 1108.

The training manager 1102 manages selection of training data andselection of a model to be trained from the database 1000 for purposesof generating trained models 1040. In example embodiments, the trainingmanager 1102 can periodically assess and retrain models included amongthe trained models 1040, or replace trained models with improved trainedmodels, according to predetermined criteria (e.g., age or accuracy ofthe model, or amount/type of training data used).

The analysis module 1104 accesses one or more trained models and one ormore composite vehicle undercarriage images to be analyzed, and providesthe image to the trained models for purposes of generating one or moresuggested feature tags for that image, as noted above. The analysismodule 1104 can perform, for example analysis of vehicle undercarriagefeatures and adjust additional descriptive data associated with thevehicle, for example by detecting a type of the vehicle, make/model,features, etc. Additionally, an estimated value for the vehicle can beadjusted by the analysis module 1104 as well in response to detectedfeatures or a detected identification of the vehicle based on theundercarriage images.

The report generator 1106 generates vehicle condition reports that canbe accessed by users. The vehicle condition reports are generallyspecific to a particular vehicle, and can include detailed informationabout the vehicle including, but not limited to, the types ofinformation described above as being stored in database 1000. Suchreports may be made available to users of the vehicle inspectionapplication having a predetermined set of access rights defined using auser administration tool 1108.

The user administration tool 1108 generally allows users access toupload or access data in the database 1000. For example, the useradministration tool 1108 controls access rights for vehicle inspectorsto be able to upload information to the database or modify informationin the database as to vehicles that inspector may be associated with(e.g., that he/she inspected), or for prospective bidders to accessvehicle condition reports. Various other user roles may be defined andenforced via user account-based authentication as well.

Referring to FIG. 37 generally, it is noted that although certainfunctionality is described herein, other types of functions could beperformed at server 112 as well. For example, some or all of the imageprocessing techniques described above in connection with FIGS. 25-33 maybe performed at a server, as an alternative to performing suchoperations at an inspection device (e.g., a mobile device useable inconnection with a vehicle undercarriage imaging system describedherein).

Referring to FIG. 38 , a generalized method 1200 of analyzing compositevehicle undercarriage images is described, according to an exampleembodiment. The method 1200 analyzes a subset of available compositevehicle undercarriage images and associated data (e.g., the datadescribed above in connection with database 1000) to allow features tobe detected in subsequently-analyzed composite vehicle undercarriageimages.

In the example shown, the method 1200 includes receiving a selection oftraining data from the data in the database (step 1202). The selectionof training data can include selecting all or some portion of theavailable data from existing, tagged composite vehicle undercarriageimages. A machine learning model may them be selected from the modellibrary 1030 and trained using the selected training data (step 1204),providing a trained model.

Upon completion of model training, the server may receive a compositevehicle undercarriage image, and optionally a vehicle identification(step 1206). Based on the received information, one or more potentialfeatures are identified using a selected trained model (step 1208). Asnoted above, a variety of features can be identified in association withthe image generally or a specific region within the image. In someexamples, the trained model can also be used to validate the make/modelof vehicle as being correctly associated with the vehicle identificationthat is received.

In the embodiment shown, the identified features can be used toautomatically generate tags that are to be associated with the image(step 1210). Optionally, those tags that are automatically generated maybe presented to the user who uploaded the composite vehicleundercarriage image (e.g., by transmitting the tags and optionally acopy of the image back to a mobile device of that user) for confirmationthat the proposed tags are correct or appropriate. In other examples,the automatically generated tags are associated directly with the imagewith no confirmation required. In addition, other information regardinga vehicle may be stored in the database 1000 based on detection ofattributes of the vehicle from the images.

Once tags are applied and optionally confirmed, the method 1200 mayproceed to generate a vehicle condition report that includes the taggedcomposite vehicle undercarriage images (step 1212). This may alsoinclude adjusting other data that might be included in the vehiclecondition report, for example by adjusting an estimated value of thevehicle up or down based on the types of features identified in andtagged in the composite vehicle undercarriage image, based on a regionalpricing adjustment for the region from which the image is received(e.g., based on metadata 1024 associated with the image), and comparisonto prices of other vehicles having similarly tagged features and otherdescriptive metadata.

Referring to FIGS. 37-38 generally, it is noted that the server-basedprocessing methods described herein have a number of advantages overexisting vehicle condition analysis tools, in particular when used inconjunction with the systems and apparatuses described above. Forexample, a vehicle condition inspector may quickly capture an image ofan undercarriage of a vehicle and a vehicle identification number,provide that information to a server, and the server may perform anumber of analyses on that data to determine features of an identifyingcharacteristics of the vehicle being inspected. Accordingly, not onlyare improved undercarriage images obtained, but suggested features maybe presented to an inspecting user, simplifying their analysis of thevehicle undercarriage. Furthermore, as models improve at accuratelydetecting features (as more training data becomes available), theimportance that an inspector to accurately identify all features in avehicle undercarriage is lessened because the image analysis toolsprovided herein will identify such features based on the library ofidentified features and trained models. With respect to applicationusers who are prospective bidders on the vehicle (consumers of vehiclecondition reports), the features may, for example, be used to provideobjective adjustments to vehicle value based on sales of other vehiclesof the same make/model and having similar feature sets, which isinformation not typically exposed to such users. Other advantages areapparent as well throughout the application.

Referring now to FIG. 39 , a schematic illustration of an examplediscrete computing system in which aspects of the present disclosure canbe implemented. The computing device 1300 can represent, for example, anative computing system within which server 112 can be implemented, oran implementation of a mobile device, or data consumer devices 122, 124,or 126. In particular, the computing device 1300 represents the physicalconstruct of an example computing system at which a mobile device orserver could be established. In some embodiments, the computing device1300 implements virtualized or hosted systems, and executes oneparticular instruction set architecture while being used to executenon-native software and/or translate non-native code streams in anadaptive manner, for execution in accordance with the methods andsystems described herein.

In the example of FIG. 39 , the computing device 1300 includes a memory1302, a processing system 1304, a secondary storage device 1306, anetwork interface card 1308, a video interface 1310, a display unit1312, an external component interface 1314, and a communication medium1316. The memory 1302 includes one or more computer storage mediacapable of storing data and/or instructions. In different embodiments,the memory 1302 is implemented in different ways. For example, thememory 1302 can be implemented using various types of computer storagemedia.

The processing system 1304 includes one or more processing units. Aprocessing unit is a physical device or article of manufacturecomprising one or more integrated circuits that selectively executesoftware instructions. In various embodiments, the processing system1304 is implemented in various ways. For example, the processing system1304 can be implemented as one or more physical or logical processingcores. In another example, the processing system 1304 can include one ormore separate microprocessors. In yet another example embodiment, theprocessing system 1304 can include an application-specific integratedcircuit (ASIC) that provides specific functionality. In yet anotherexample, the processing system 1304 provides specific functionality byusing a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or ASIC. In still anotherexample, the processing system 1304 can include one or more specialpurpose processors such as general purpose graphics processing units(GPGPUs), vector processors, with a single instruction stream singledata (SISD) architecture processor, single instruction stream multipledata (SIMD) architecture processor, multiple instruction single data(MISD) architecture processor, and multiple instruction multiple data(MIMD) architecture processor, or non-Von Neumman processor, etc.

The secondary storage device 1306 includes one or more computer storagemedia. The secondary storage device 1306 stores data and softwareinstructions not directly accessible by the processing system 1304. Inother words, the processing system 1304 performs an I/O operation toretrieve data and/or software instructions from the secondary storagedevice 1306. In various embodiments, the secondary storage device 1306includes various types of computer storage media. For example, thesecondary storage device 1306 can include one or more magnetic disks,magnetic tape drives, optical discs, solid state memory devices, and/orother types of computer storage media.

The network interface card 1308 enables the computing device 1300 tosend data to and receive data from a communication network. In differentembodiments, the network interface card 1308 is implemented in differentways. For example, the network interface card 1308 can be implemented asan Ethernet interface, a token-ring network interface, a fiber opticnetwork interface, a wireless network interface (e.g., WiFi, WiMax,etc.), or another type of network interface.

The video interface 1310 enables the computing device 1300 to outputvideo information to the display unit 1312. The display unit 1312 can bevarious types of devices for displaying video information, such as anLCD display panel, a plasma screen display panel, a touch-sensitivedisplay panel, an LED screen, a cathode-ray tube display, or aprojector. The video interface 1310 can communicate with the displayunit 1312 in various ways, such as via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)connector, a VGA connector, a digital visual interface (DVI) connector,an S-Video connector, a High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)interface, or a DisplayPort connector.

The external component interface 1314 enables the computing device 1300to communicate with external devices. For example, the externalcomponent interface 1314 can be a USB interface, a FireWire interface, aserial port interface, a parallel port interface, a PS/2 interface,and/or another type of interface that enables the computing device 1300to communicate with external devices. In various embodiments, theexternal component interface 1314 enables the computing device 1300 tocommunicate with various external components, such as external storagedevices, input devices, speakers, modems, media player docks, othercomputing devices, scanners, digital cameras, and fingerprint readers.

The communication medium 1316 facilitates communication among thehardware components of the computing device 1300. In the example of FIG.2 , the communications medium 1316 facilitates communication among thememory 1302, the processing system 1304, the secondary storage device1306, the network interface card 1308, the video interface 1310, and theexternal component interface 1314. The communications medium 1316 can beimplemented in various ways. For example, the communications medium 1316can include a PCI bus, a PCI Express bus, an accelerated graphics port(AGP) bus, a serial Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) interconnect, aparallel ATA interconnect, a Fiber Channel interconnect, a USB bus, aSmall Computing System Interface (SCSI) interface, or another type ofcommunications medium.

The memory 1302 stores various types of data and/or softwareinstructions. For instance, in the example of FIG. 2 , the memory 1302stores a Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) 1318 and an operating system1320. The BIOS 1318 includes a set of computer-executable instructionsthat, when executed by the processing system 1304, cause the computingdevice 1300 to boot up. The operating system 1320 includes a set ofcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processingsystem 1304, cause the computing device 1300 to provide an operatingsystem that coordinates the activities and sharing of resources of thecomputing device 1300. Furthermore, the memory 1302 stores applicationsoftware 1322. The application software 1322 includescomputer-executable instructions, that when executed by the processingsystem 1304, cause the computing device 1300 to provide one or moreapplications. The memory 1302 also stores program data 1324. The programdata 1324 is data used by programs that execute on the computing device1300.

Although particular features are discussed herein as included within acomputing device 1300, it is recognized that in certain embodiments notall such components or features may be included within a computingdevice executing according to the methods and systems of the presentdisclosure. Furthermore, different types of hardware and/or softwaresystems could be incorporated into such an electronic computing device.

In accordance with the present disclosure, the term computer readablemedia as used herein may include computer storage media andcommunication media. As used in this document, a computer storage mediumis a device or article of manufacture that stores data and/orcomputer-executable instructions. Computer storage media may includevolatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable devices orarticles of manufacture implemented in any method or technology forstorage of information, such as computer readable instructions, datastructures, program modules, or other data. By way of example, and notlimitation, computer storage media may include dynamic random accessmemory (DRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory(DDR SDRAM), reduced latency DRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, solid statememory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically-erasable programmable ROM,optical discs (e.g., CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc.), magnetic disks (e.g., harddisks, floppy disks, etc.), magnetic tapes, and other types of devicesand/or articles of manufacture that store data. Communication media maybe embodied by computer readable instructions, data structures, programmodules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information deliverymedia. The term “modulated data signal” may describe a signal that hasone or more characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encodeinformation in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation,communication media may include wired media such as a wired network ordirect-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radiofrequency (RF), infrared, and other wireless media. The term computerstorage media does not include, e.g., solely a carrier wave or otherpropagated or modulated data signal. In some embodiments, the computerstorage media includes at least some tangible features; in manyembodiments, the computer storage media includes entirely non-transitorycomponents.

Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been describedin detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutionsand alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit andscope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, thescope of the present application is not intended to be limited to theparticular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, compositionof matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. Asone of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from thepresent invention, disclosure, machines, manufacture, compositions ofmatter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to bedeveloped that perform substantially the same function or achievesubstantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments describedherein may be utilized according to the present disclosure. Accordingly,the appended claims are intended to include within their scope suchprocesses, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means,methods, or steps.

The above specification, examples and data provide a completedescription of the manufacture and use of the composition of theinvention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention, the inventionresides in the claims hereinafter appended.

1-21. (canceled)
 22. A method of identifying irregularities in an imageof an undercarriage of a vehicle, the method comprising: using at leastone processor to perform: obtaining a series of images of theundercarriage of the vehicle, the series of images being captured by amobile device having a camera integrated therein, as the vehicle passesover a minor assembly positioned to reflect a view of the undercarriageto the mobile device; generating, from the series of images, a compositeimage of the undercarriage of the vehicle; and applying a trained neuralnetwork to the composite image of the undercarriage of the vehicle toextract a feature indicative of an irregularity associated with theundercarriage of the vehicle.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein thefeature is indicative of presence of rust.
 24. The method of claim 22,wherein the feature is indicative of an after-market modification. 25.The method of claim 24, wherein the feature is indicative of removal ofa catalytic converter.
 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the featureis indicative of frame damage.
 27. The method of claim 22, wherein thetrained neural network is trained on a dataset comprising a plurality ofvehicle undercarriage images, each vehicle undercarriage image of theplurality of vehicle undercarriage images having one or more tagsapplied to portions of the vehicle undercarriage image.
 28. The methodof claim 27, wherein the one or more tags are associated with one ormore irregularities associated with the undercarriage of the vehicle.29. The method of claim 28, wherein the one or more irregularitiesassociated with the undercarriage of the vehicle include a presence ofrust, an after-market modification, removal of a catalytic converter,and/or frame damage.
 30. The method of claim 27, wherein the one or moretags are applied to the portions of the plurality of vehicleundercarriage images by a user.
 31. The method of claim 22, furthercomprising: before generating the composite image of the undercarriageof the vehicle, extracting a plurality of sub-images from the series ofimages by extracting a sub-image from each image of the series ofimages, wherein generating the composite image comprises combining theplurality of sub-images.
 32. The method of claim 22, further comprising:generating a vehicle condition report based on the composite image ofthe undercarriage of the vehicle and the feature indicative of theirregularity; and transmitting the vehicle condition report to one ormore other devices.
 33. A method of analyzing an image of anundercarriage of a vehicle to identify whether a catalytic converter hasbeen removed, the method comprising: using at least one processor toperform: obtaining a series of images of the undercarriage of thevehicle, the series of images being captured by a mobile device having acamera integrated therein, as the vehicle passes over a minor assemblypositioned to reflect a view of the undercarriage to the mobile device;generating, from the series of images, a composite image of theundercarriage of the vehicle; and applying a trained machine learningmodel to the composite image of the undercarriage of the vehicle toextract a feature indicative of removal of the catalytic converter. 34.The method of claim 33, wherein the trained machine learning model is aneural network.
 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the neural networkcomprises a deep convolutional neural network.
 36. The method of claim33, wherein the trained machine learning model is trained on a datasetcomprising a plurality of vehicle undercarriage images, each vehicleundercarriage image of the plurality of vehicle undercarriage imageshaving one or more tags applied to portions of the vehicle undercarriageimage.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the one or more tags indicateremoval of the catalytic converter.
 38. The method of claim 36, whereinthe one or more tags are applied to the portions of the plurality ofvehicle undercarriage images by a user.
 39. The method of claim 33,further comprising: generating a vehicle condition report based on thecomposite image of the undercarriage of the vehicle and the featureindicative of removal of the catalytic converter; and transmitting thevehicle condition report to one or more other devices.
 40. A system foridentifying irregularities in an image of an undercarriage of a vehicle,the system comprising: at least one computer hardware processor; and atleast one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing avehicle inspection application comprising instructions which, whenexecuted by the at least one computer hardware processor, cause the atleast one computer hardware processor to perform: obtaining a series ofimages of the undercarriage of the vehicle, the series of images beingcaptured by a mobile device having a camera integrated therein, as thevehicle passes over a mirror assembly positioned to reflect a view ofthe undercarriage to the mobile device; generating, from the series ofimages, a composite image of the undercarriage of the vehicle; andapplying a trained neural network to the composite image of theundercarriage of the vehicle to extract a feature indicative of anirregularity associated with the undercarriage of the vehicle.
 41. Thesystem of claim 40, wherein the feature is indicative of presence ofrust or removal of a catalytic converter.